Dreptul comunitar al afacerilor. blog
Societas Europeea, descriere de natura
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Jevgeni Robakov, Societas Europaea: Analysis of adoption and practical functioning, 2007, [*]
cam eseu, de pus la bibliografie…
The SE is furthermore often observed as a useful but still mainly theoretical legal instrument, playing an indispensable part in the overall development of European company law.Political motives seem to be considerably heavier while discussing the question of necessity of adoption that later attracted so little interest.
Rutgers: Free Movements and Contract Law
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Jacobien W. Rutgers, Free Movements and Contract Law, (July, 29 2008).
Available at SSRN.
Abstract:
In this paper the interplay between the free movements of goods, services, capital and persons and contract law is discussed. They are closely linked, since contract law provides the legal infrastructure of the free movements. However, the relevance of contract law for the internal market is not reflected in the number of ECJ rulings. Two instances in which the free movements affect contract law and contract are dealt with. First, national rules of contract law may be contrary to the free movements; specific attention is given to the role of conflict rules in this respect. Secondly, the contract which the parties concluded, is contrary to a rule of national public law, which is a barrier to trade and must be set aside. This will influence the rights and obligations of the parties to the contract. In this respect a distinction between control ex post and ex ante is made. Finally, the conclusion is drawn that although the ECJ case law is not that numerous, the free movements affect contract law and contract increasingly.
Ringe: Forum Shopping Under the EU Insolvency Regulation
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Wolf-Georg Ringe, Forum Shopping Under the EU Insolvency Regulation, August 1, 2008, Oxford Legal Studies Research Paper No. 33/2008. Available at SSRN.
Abstract:
Cross-border forum shopping for the benefit of a different insolvency law regime has become popular within the European Union in recent years. Yet legislators, courts and legal scholarship react with suspicion when debtors cross the border only to profit from a different insolvency law system. The most prominent legal tool, the European Insolvency Regulation, is based on the assumption that forum shopping is bad for the functioning of the European Internal Market.
This paper questions the hostile attitude towards the phenomenon of forum shopping. It is argued that forum shopping can have beneficial effects both for the company and for its creditors, and that strong safeguards for creditors who oppose the migration are in place. Furthermore, the validity of the COMI approach of the Regulation under the fundamental freedoms of the Treaty is questioned; it is suggested that the current regime needs to be amended. The proposed new system would enable more corporate mobility within the European Union and create more legal certainty for all constituencies at the same time.
ZETZSCHE: SHAREHOLDER PASSIVITY, CROSS-BORDER VOTING AND THE SHAREHOLDER RIGHTS DIRECTIVE
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DIRK ZETZSCHE, SHAREHOLDER PASSIVITY, CROSS-BORDER VOTING AND THE SHAREHOLDER RIGHTS DIRECTIVE, Journal of Corporate Law Studies, Volume 8, Number 2, October 2008 , pp. 289-336(48) [*]
Abstract:
This paper focuses on the low cross-border turnout of shareholders at shareholder meetings of European issuers. It presents the data that are available on cross-border voting and examines the reasons behind the low cross-border turnout, in relative terms. Opposing the traditional view among US law and economics scholars, this paper holds that law matters in the efforts to facilitate cross-border voting. This is particularly true for procedural requirements. Thus, legislative action, such as the Shareholder Rights Directive, may indeed have beneficial effects on voting turnouts across Europe. The impact of the Shareholder Rights Directive on procedural costs of shareholders is examined in the second part of the paper. The Directive seeks to lessen procedural costs through the use of the internet. While it does not force a kick-start of EUMember States into the digital age, it constitutes a significant step forward in harmonising the procedure of shareholder meetings across Europe. From a procedural point of view, cross-border investors are likely to benefit from the legal certainty that the Directive provides, as well as the lower costs for the digital exercise of shareholder rights in those states which have previously refrained from implementing digital options for shareholders. In the third part of the paper, whether-and, if so, which-additional steps are necessary in order to further reduce procedural costs of cross-border voting is assessed. It is posited that the Shareholder Rights Directive failed to mandate an efficient regime to govern the identification and authorisation of shareholders who hold their shares within a chain of intermediaries, and four remedies to be taken by the European Parliament are suggested.
HERWIG: Whither Science in WTO Dispute Settlement?
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ALEXIA HERWIG, Whither Science in WTO Dispute Settlement?, Leiden Journal of International Law (2008), 21:823-846 Cambridge University Press [*]
This article understands risk dialectically as a decision-making resource stressing probability but as also giving rise to further uncertainties. It shows that the panel report in EC – Biotech reflects an understanding of risk as decision-making that is deterministic and leaves little room for the application of precautionary approaches and non-scientific factors. It submits that such an approach is unsuitable for novel technologies with limited background knowledge and reduces the accountability of risk regulators. A different approach is put forth, which allows members greater scope for precautionary action while preventing trade protectionism. The article concludes that law can enhance its authority and epistemic validity through scientific evidence but only if it recognizes science’s epistemic and its own limitations. Law has to approach science as contested knowledge and risk regulation as political decision-making, leading – inevitably – to more indeterminate solutions to legal conflicts.
Malek Radeideh, Fair Trading in EC Law
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Nu am vazut cartea, dar pare a fi interesanta. un om cat o carte. si un site pentru ambii – aici.
Malek Radeideh, Fair Trading in EC Law- Information and Consumer Choice in the Internal Market, Europa Law Publishing, 2005. {euobserver, site-ul editurii, }
At the same time, the European Court of Justice has developed in its case law a general concept of fair trading on the basis of the EC Treaty provisions on free movement.
The author provides a systematic and comprehensive analysis of primary law as interpreted by the European Court of Justice in its relevant case law and of Community legislation pertaining to fair trading. He demonstrates that the countless specific fair trading rules are based on a common general concept of fair trading. The author thus unveils a principle of fair trading in the acquis communautaire, which he defines not only in content but also in scope, proving it to be a general principle of Internal Market law. The interrelationship between fair trading and the functioning of the Internal Market is one of the central themes of the book, which, unlike other fair trading related analyses, attaches particular weight to the role of primary law.
Finally, in the light of the previous findings a stand is taken on the current initiative to adopt a directive on unfair commercial practices, which is the latest manifestation of the recurring idea of horizontal harmonisation in this field.
Dr. Malek Radeideh (1973) studied law at Universität Bielefeld, Université Robert Schuman Strasbourg and Freie Universität Berlin. He obtained his German law degree in 2000. From 2001 to 2004 he worked as a researcher at the Department of European and Economic Law at the Rijksuniversiteit Groningen. In his research he focussed on EC fair trading law, which he understands as a synthesis of European consumer law, European private law, and, above all, Internal Market law. He has participated in various legal studies for the European Commission and has published in his field of research. In 2004 he returned to Berlin in order to work in legal practice.
Mads Andenas. (Iarasi) Despre libertatea de circulatie a societatilor, evident dupa Centros
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EU Company Law and the Company Laws of Europe (*).
Unii se vor mai egali decat altii. Astazi despre planul presedintiei grupului euro
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The French president sees himself extending his EU presidency role until 2010 as leader of an informal “economic government” of the euro area, in a bid to better coordinate responses to the global financial crisis. EurActiv France reports.
The plan – revealed by the French daily Le Monde on Wednesday (22 October) – is based on the rationale that the EU needs a strong presidency and a much more united front to respond adequately to global challenges, such as the current financial meltdown.
De la Euractiv.
John Armour, David A. Skeel: The Divergence of U.S. and UK Takeover Regulation
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John Armour, David A. Skeel, The Divergence of U.S. and UK Takeover Regulation, Regulation, Vol. 30, No. 3, Fall 2007
Available at SSRN.
Abstract:
Hostile takeovers are commonly thought to play a key role in rendering managers accountable to dispersed shareholders. Yet, surprisingly little attention has been paid to the very significant differences in takeover regulation between the two most prominent practitioners of hostile takeover, the United Kingdom and the United States. In the UK, defensive tactics by target managers are prohibited, whereas in the United States, Delaware law gives managers a good deal of room to maneuver. We examine the evolution of the two regimes from a public choice perspective, and argue that the differences between the two countries is influenced by differences in the mode of regulation – that is, by who it is that does the regulating.
TRIBUNALUL ANULEAZĂ DECIZIA 2007/868/CE A CONSILIULUI CARE DISPUNE
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TRIBUNALUL ANULEAZĂ DECIZIA 2007/868/CE A CONSILIULUI CARE DISPUNE ÎNGHEŢAREA FONDURILOR PENTRU PEOPLE’S MOJAHEDIN ORGANIZATION OF IRAN
Cauza T‑256/07
cuvinte cheie:
Politica externă și de securitate comună – Măsuri restrictive îndreptate împotriva anumitor persoane și entități în vederea combaterii terorismului – Îngheţarea fondurilor – Acțiune în anulare – Dreptul la apărare – Motivare – Control jurisdicțional
Besson: Gender Discrimination under EU and ECHR Law: Never Shall the Twain Meet?,
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Samantha Besson, Gender Discrimination under EU and ECHR Law: Never Shall the Twain Meet?, Human Rights Law Review 2008 published 21 October 2008.
Gender discrimination is addressed differently under Article 14 ECHR and EU primary and secondary legal provisions. This is no wonder, since the role and scope of non-discrimination law in both legal orders are not the same, and since the scope of jurisdiction of the European Court of Human Rights and the European Court of Justice applying those provisions differ drastically as well. While this observation is not new, the potential discrepancy between the two non-discrimination regimes and the two Court’s case law constitutes an increasing concern for national authorities and individuals in the 27 European Union (EU) Member States. As a result, gender discrimination is one of the many facets of the current human rights competition raging between the two European organisations, but also of the recent judicial attempts at minimising potential conflicts through mutual borrowings. The present article starts by identifying and comparing the role and scope, as well as the various material and procedural constitutive elements of the two regimes of non-discrimination on grounds of gender. The author argues for a greater systematisation of the two regimes before fruitful borrowings can take place or else the latter will jeopardise the overall coherence of the law on gender discrimination and the specificities in each of the two regimes. The article also argues that EU accession to the ECHR will not, as it is often argued, threaten the specificity of EU anti-discrimination law, but on the contrary enhance the complementarity between EU social law and European human rights law more generally.
CSDE: Masa rotunda “Cauza Jipa. Cetăţenie a Uniunii Europene şi dreptul la liberă circulaţie şi şedere în context românesc”
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Centrul de Studii de Drept European (CSDE) al Institutului de Cercetări Juridice din cadrul Academiei Române, organizează în Sala de Consiliu de la sediul său, Calea 13 Septembrie, nr. 13, la data de 12 noiembrie, ora 14
Masa rotundă „Cauza Jipa. Cetăţenie a Uniunii Europene şi dreptul la liberă circulaţie şi şedere în context românesc”
Această a doua manifestare a Centrului doreşte să instituţionalizeze dezbaterile şi schimbul de opinii asupra variilor aspecte ale dreptului comunitar, cu relevanţă asupra sistemului juridic românesc.
Masa rotundă îşi propune abordarea concretă şi totodată aprofundată a cauzei C-33/07 („Jipa”), ce reprezintă prima acţiune preliminară adresată de o instanţă românească Curţii de Justiţie a Comunităţilor Europene.
În consecinţă, masa rotundă se va centra, în special, pe următoarele probleme (lista nefiind exhaustivă):
- detalii tehnice referitoare la acţiunea preliminară şi la întrebările adresate de către instanţa românească;
- prezentarea litigiului principal în cauza Jipa;
- jurisprudenţa naţională românească relevantă pentru cauza C-33/07;
- regimul juridic instituit prin Directiva 2004/38;
- „ordinea publică” si „siguranţa publică” în dreptul comunitar, circumstanţiate „şederii ilegale”;
- semnificaţia conduitei personale în raport cu ordinea publică sau siguranţa publică;
- aplicarea principiului proporţionalităţii pentru o măsură naţională de restrângere a dreptului la liberă circulaţie a unui cetăţean al Uniunii Europene;
- jurisprudenţa CJCE în materie.
Textul integral al invitatiei. Documente referitoare la aceasta masa rotunda.
Parteneri: pelifilip.com, juridice.ro, infolegal.ro, Editura Universitară, Tribuna Economică, Revista Română de Drept Comunitar, Euroconsultanţă, ARDAE (Asociaţia Română de Drept şi Afaceri Europene).
Mucciarelli: Seat’s Transfer and State of Origin-Imposed Limits to Companies’ Mobility
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Federico M. Mucciarelli, Seat’s Transfer and State of Origin-Imposed Limits to Companies’ Mobility (December 15, 2006).
Available at SSRN.
In contextul Cartesio, discutia (re)devine (sau, ramane in) de actualitate.
Abstract:
This paper addresses the question of whether EC freedom of establishment covers identity-preserving company law changes, which is one of the most debated issues in today’s EC company law.
This issue is significant because it was not tackled by the recent development of European Court of Justice (ECJ) case law, which concerned only the transfer of the administrative seat from the viewpoint of the country of arrival. ECJ faced the limits placed by the country of departure only in the case Daily Mail, which allows countries of departure to place whatever limits they prefer to the emigration of national companies.
Regarding the application of national law, the main idea of this paper is that conflict rules can decide whether a transfer of the administrative seat and/or the registered office should lead to a change of the applicable law; on the contrary, substantive company laws decides on the liquidation of the emigrating company.
The issue of the continuity of the legal identity raises the question as to whether EC freedom of establishment allows Member States to liquidate national companies transferring their registered office and/or administrative seat abroad. Despite a common view arguing to the contrary, I suggest that EC freedom of establishment does not allow Member State to wind-up emigrating companies, since, if this were the case, freedom of establishment would be only granted to shareholders as individuals, who should incorporate a new company in the country of arrival, and not to companies.
The issue of the continuity of the legal identity is more controversial. EC freedom of establishment as such does not cover company law changes, but Member States have a strong interest in preserving the coincidence of registered office and applicable law. In order to fulfil this goal, Member States cannot liquidate companies transferring the registered office abroad; they can only allow companies transferring their registered office abroad to change company law. Hence we can say that Member States should still allow this if they want to grant the coincidence of registered office and applicable company law, even if the EC freedom of establishment does not cover the change of company law.
We should then ask whether or not we really need a Directive allowing identity-preserving company law changes. EC freedom of establishment already forbids the liquidation of emigrating companies, and Member States which want to preserve the coincidence of registered office and applicable law should either adopt the incorporation doctrine or allow national companies to change lex societatis. This can only happen if the country of arrival also agrees upon this result.
Moreover, it is not clear to what extent company laws of the countries of departure and of the countries of arrival should be applied to the transfer; it seems necessary to find a common solution throughout the EU which is able to protect all relevant interests, primarily the interests of minority shareholders and creditors of the emigrating company, as if the company were transformed into a different type of company regulated by the country of arrival. Therefore, even if contemporary EC law does not create obstacles to identity-preserving company law changes, it seems reasonable to recommend the approval of Directive which can resolve these open issues.
Articol. Criza financiara & interventia autoritatilor elvetiene
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Fragmente:
On ne peut s’empêcher de le lire dans le contexte des mesures prises dans les pays de l’Union européenne sur le modèle adopté par le gouvernement britannique, un modèle qui a également influencé une modification du « plan Paulson » tel qu’il avait été adopté par le Congrès des Etats-Unis il y a trois semaines. Le choix des mesures par les autorités helvétiques et leur priorisation marquent une différence notable, qui s’explique en partie par la structure du marché bancaire suisse, en partie par les institutions et la culture politiques de notre pays.
[...]
Cette crise financière a plus profondément bousculé les mentalités et aura une influence plus profonde sur la surveillance du secteur financier qu’on l’aurait imaginé. En Suisse, une prise de participation publique au capital de sa plus grande banque privée était quasi inenvisageable il y a encore 12 mois. Aujourd’hui, elle paraît s’imposer comme un moindre mal. Le fait que la Banque nationale offre désormais des liquidités en dollars et approvisionne les banques européennes en francs suisses au travers de la Banque centrale européenne a presque passé inaperçu. La politique de rémunération des dirigeants n’est plus un tabou. Il reste à voir quelles contraintes les pouvoirs publics seront en mesure d’imposer. Alors que le vent soufflait chez nous dans le sens de la réglementation négociée et de l’autorégulation, le retour en force des pouvoirs publics pour assurer la stabilité financière ouvre un nouveau chapitre. Personne n’en doute : il reste à en imaginer les modalités au-delà de cette crise, dans le plus long terme.
Articolul intreg aici.
Glaize: Questions referred to the ECJ regarding use of trade marks to trigger sponsored links
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Frédéric Glaize, Questions referred to the ECJ regarding use of trade marks to trigger sponsored links, Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice, November 2008; Vol. 3, No. 11.[*]
Google Inc. and Google France v Louis Vuitton Malletier, Cour de Cassation (French Supreme Court), 20 May 2008
The French Cour de Cassation has referred some questions to the ECJ on the responsibility of hypertext advertisement providers, such as Google, in connection with the notion of use of a mark in the course of trade and with the qualification of the link provider as to the limited responsibility principle set by the Directive on electronic commerce.
Un nou conflict intre pilonii UE, o noua solutie
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Cine credea ca, astfel cum se preda pe la cursurile de drept comunitar, european etc., problematica conflictului (scuzati cacofonia) intre pilonii UE (CE, JAI, PESC) are, de fapt, consecinte colosale? Asadar, se prefigureaza inca un moment interesant; etapa 1 – concluziile avocatului general.
Stirea, redata de EUObserver; detalii alta data:
The European Court of Justice advocate general on Tuesday (14 October) delivered a blow to member states hoping to overturn an EU law on harmonising telephone and internet data retention rules, saying the case is an internal market matter, not a justice and home affairs issue.
The directive – which was approved by a qualified majority of EU states in February 2006 – sets a time period of six months to two years during which telecom operators are to keep phone and internet data, in the name of fighting terrorism and crime and increasing security.
Irish telecoms operators and internet service providers currently face tougher rules and must keep the data for up to three years, according to the Irish Times.
Consequently, Ireland, backed in its position by Slovakia, wanted the rules to be subject to justice and home affairs provisions, rather than to internal market ones.
In the realm of justice and home affairs, a unanimity of member states is needed for directives to be approved, whereas a qualified majority of EU countries is sufficient to pass an internal market one.
But EU advocate general Yves Bot on Tuesday “invite[d] the court to dismiss the action, taking the view that the directive was correctly based on the EC Treaty,” a court press release reads.
Mr Bot estimates that the bill “does not contain any provisions liable to come within the notion of ‘police and judicial co-operation in criminal matters’,” and is primarily an internal market issue.
“As regards Ireland’s argument that the sole or main purpose of the directive is the investigation, detection and prosecution of serious crime, the advocate general … considers that the mere fact that the directive refers to such an objective is not sufficient for a finding that it is an act falling within the area covered by police and judicial co-operation in criminal matters,” according to the court’s press release.
[...]
Comunicare a Comisiei – Linii directoare privind aplicarea regulilor in materia ajutorului de stat in privinta institutiilor financiare
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In ipoteza in care doriti sa vedeti cum arata respectivele indrumari, le puteti gasi aici:
The application of State aid rules to measures taken in relation to financial institutions in the context of the current global financial crisis (*)
Schilling: Language Rights in the European Union
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A. Introduction
B. The EU Language Regime in Comparative Context
C. Language Rights as an Aspect of Human Rights
D. The Case for a General Principle of Community Law Protecting the Respect of Language Rights
E. Language Rights in Parliamentary and Inter-Governmental Proceedings
Cahill: Ireland’s Constitutional Amendability and Europe’s Constitutional Ambition: the Lisbon Referendum in Context
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For some of those who support the Lisbon Treaty, it is difficult to accept that a 53% majority of the 53% voting electorate of a country of a population of 4.4 million should, by voting to reject ratification of the Treaty, single-handedly bring to a halt a process which involves 27 countries with a combined population of almost 500 million.
Fabbrini: Kelsen in Paris: France’s Constitutional Reform
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”In other respects, the shift of the French judicial system toward a Kelsenian ratio, can be appreciated in the context of the transformation of the European legal space in a true Grundrechtsgemeinshaft (community of rights). Indeed, at the supranational level, both the European Court of Justice and the European Court of Human Rights have began taking human rights seriously and claiming a constitutional status. The human rights’ case law of these two European courts is becoming increasingly influential and often used as an example even by the domestic courts of states with well-built ‘legal nationalism’. There is, therefore, a strong incentive (if not duty) for the national jurisdictions to elevate their standard of rights’ protection to comply with the growing attention to fundamental liberties at the European level.”
si CEDO si UE…intr-o decizie administrativa
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Actualités droits-libertés du 11 octobre 2008
I – DISCRIMINATION par Serge SLAMA
Selon la Halde, le port de la burqa est incompatible avec le suivi d’une formation linguistique.
Dans un avis rendu par délibération de son collège du 15 septembre 2008, qui vient d’être rendue publique, la Halde (Haute autorité de lutte contre les discriminations et pour l’égalité) estime que l’obligation faite aux personnes suivant une formation linguistique dans le cadre du contrat d’accueil et d’intégration (CAI) de retirer la burqa ou le niqab ne constitue pas une discrimination prohibée par la CEDH (art. 9 liberté de religion et 14 discrimination, et de l’article 2 du Protocole n°1 liberté de circulation) et le droit communautaire (directive 2000/78 http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/fundamental_rights/pdf/legisln/2000_78_fr.pdf) , compte tenu des exigences pédagogiques de l’enseignement linguistique.
La Halde estime notamment, après avoir examiné la jurisprudence communautaire et de la CEDH que: “La burqa porte une signification de soumission de la femme qui dépasse sa portée religieuse et pourrait être considérée comme portant atteinte aux valeurs républicaines présidant à la démarche d’intégration et d’organisation de ces enseignements, obligatoires pour les étrangers admis pour la première fois au séjour en France. Il ne semblerait en outre pas a priori déraisonnable de considérer que des exigences de sécurité publique, s’agissant de l’identification des personnes, ou encore la protection des droits et libertés d’autrui, pourraient être considérées comme des buts légitimes, prévus par la loi, justifiant l’interdiction du port de la burqa dans l’accès à une formation linguistique obligatoire. Dès lors, une telle interdiction pourrait ne pas être considérée comme méconnaissant le principe de non-discrimination religieuse au sens des articles 9 et 14 de la C.E.D.H”.
La Haute autorité avait été saisie le 30 mai 2008 d’une demande de consultation de l’Agence nationale de l’accueil des étrangers et des migrations (ANAEM) sur la compatibilité de l’interdiction du port de la burqa avec le principe de non-discrimination dans le cadre d’une formation linguistique obligatoire en vertu d’un contrat d’accueil et d’intégration (CAI) prévu par le CESEDA.
Délibération relative à une demande de consultation de l’ANAEM sur la compatibilité de l’interdiction du port de la burqa dans le cadre d’une formation linguistique obligatoire en vertu d’un contrat d’accueil et d’intégration (CAI) du 15/09/2008
http://www.halde.fr/IMG/pdf/4085.pdf
Sylvia Preuss-Laussinotte
Despre o recenzie. La libre circulation des personnes. Etats des lieux et perspectives
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Recenzia lui Dimitry Kochenov mi-a placut. Sa vezi asa si prin revistele noastre.
Dominik Hanf, Rodolphe Muñoz (eds), La libre circulation des personnes. Etats des lieux et perspectives, Peter Lang AG, 2007, Pages : 329, $47.95, ISBN 9789052010618.
European Journal of International Law. Oxford: Sep 2008. Vol. 19, Iss. 4. [*]
O versiune a recenziei poate fi consultata pe European Law Books.
Prezentarea si rezumatul cartii aici.
R. Goodman, D. Jinks: Incomplete Internalization and Compliance with Human Rights Law
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Ryan Goodman, Derek Jinks, Incomplete Internalization and Compliance with Human Rights Law, European Journal of International Law. Oxford: Sep 2008. Vol. 19, Iss. 4; pg. 725. [*]
Abstract
In earlier work, we argue that acculturation is a distinct social process by which international law influences states and that human rights law might harness this mechanism in designing effective global regimes. In this article, we consider an important objection to our work. The concern is whether acculturation institutionalizes non-compliance. The growing body of empirical evidence for global-level acculturation, in part, documents persistent forms of decoupling – suggesting that formal commitments to global culture often fail to change concrete practices of local actors. In the human rights context, this is particularly troubling, given the prevalence of seemingly disingenuous acceptance of human rights instruments by states with poor human rights records. Many critics suggest, and understandably so, that acculturation should not guide the design of international human rights regimes since any such regime would promote only shallow reforms – further entrenching the gap between formal commitments and actual practices. The problem with human rights law, on this view, is that it is under-enforced – not that it is insufficiently acculturative. In reply, we argue that acculturation generally does not impede progress toward deeper reform and, indeed, will often facilitate it.
Gardbaum: Human Rights as International Constitutional Rights
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Stephen Gardbaum, Human Rights as International Constitutional Rights,
European Journal of International Law, Vol. 19, No. 4, 2008 [*]
UCLA School of Law Research Paper No. 08-28
Abstract:
The Universal Declaration was, of course, the first of the three global international human rights instruments that have collectively come to be known as the International Bill of Rights. Very often, however, this latter term appears within quotation marks or is prefaced by the qualifying phrase, “so-called,” signaling that there are serious, although mostly unexplored, questions about the validity of the implied comparison with domestic bills of rights. In this article, I treat the occasion of the sixtieth anniversary of the Universal Declaration as an opportunity to take stock by exploring these questions and making the comparison explicit.
I do so by considering the two parts of the term separately. First, regarding “bill of rights,” what are the similarities and differences between the UDHR, ICCPR and ICESCR on the one hand and domestic bills of rights on the other? In particular, to what extent or in what sense, if any, has international human rights law become constitutionalized and, thereby, similar and closer to most domestic bills of rights? Second, regarding “international,” do the major international human rights instruments simply duplicate domestic bills of rights or provide a generally inferior substitute for them where unavailable – as a certain strand of human rights skepticism suggests? Or do they perform any distinctive functions over and above domestic bills of rights that make a novel and unique contribution to the historical development of constitutionalism?
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- 98/2009 : 29 octombrie 2009 - Hotărârea Curţii de Justiţie în cauza C-63/08Pontin Politica socială DISMISSED PREGNANT WORKERS MUST ENJOY EFFECTIVE JUDICIAL PROTECTION OF THEIR RIGHTS UNDER COMMUNITY LAW
- 97/2009 : 29 octombrie 2009 - Concluziile avocatului general în cauza C-386/08Brita Relații externe AVOCATUL GENERAL BOT CONSIDERĂ CĂ PRODUSELE ORIGINARE DIN TERITORIILE OCUPATE NU POT BENEFICIA DE REGIMUL VAMAL PREFERENțIAL DIN ACORDUL CEE-ISRAEL
- 96/2009 : 27 octombrie 2009 - Hotărârea Curţii de Justiţie în cauza C-115/08ČEZ principiile dreptului comunitar INSTANțELE AUSTRIECE, SESIZATE CU O ACțIUNE ÎN ÎNCETAREA TULBURĂRILOR DE VECINĂTATE ÎNTRE PROPRIETARII UNOR BUNURI IMOBILE șI CENTRALA NUCLEARĂ DE LA TEMELÍN, TREBUIE SĂ IA ÎN CONSIDERARE AUTORIZAțIA DE EXPLOATARE EMISĂ DE AUTORITĂțILE CEHE
- 95/2009 : 26 octombrie 2009 - Audiere solemnăANGAJAMENT SOLEMN ÎN FAŢA CURŢII DE JUSTIŢIE AL UNOR NOI MEMBRI AI COMISIEI EUROPENE
- 94/2009 : 22 octombrie 2009 - Hotărârea Curţii de Justiţie în cauzele conexe C-261/08 & C-348/08Zurita García VISA UN STAT MEMBRU POATE, FĂRĂ A FI ÎNSĂ OBLIGAT, SĂ EXPULZEZE UN RESORTISANT COMUNITAR CARE NU RESPECTĂ CONDIțIILE REFERITOARE LA DURATA șEDERII APLICABILE ÎN STATUL RESPECTIV
