Dreptul comunitar al afacerilor. blog
Articol despre competentele CE/UE in privinta reglementarii creditului
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Despre competentele CE in piata interna s-a mai scris, evident.
Secured Credit and the Internal Market: The Fundamental Freedoms and the EU’s Mandate for Legislation
Jacobien W. Rutgers
Free University of Amsterdam – Faculty of Law
Abstract:
This paper discusses the competence of the European Community to provide measures with respect to security interests which are vested in movables. First, it is elaborated whether Article 95 EC provides the power to harmonize national rules concerning security vested in movables. Secondly, the question is raised whether Article 308 EC provides a power to create a European Security Interest. Both questions are answered affirmatively. Subsequently, these two issues are placed within the context of the Common Frame of Reference process, which the European Commission has started in the area of contract law. In this respect it should be noticed that the European Commission focuses mainly on ‘pure’ contract law rather than on security interests vested in movables. This is not likely to change in the near future.
Aici (*).
Articol despre conflictul intre drepturile fundamentale din perspectiva CEDO, CJCE & a instantelor nationale…
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Fundamental Rights and Other Interests – Should it Really Make a Difference?
Janneke H. Gerards
University of Leiden, Department of Public Law
In: Brems, E. (ed.), Conflicts between Fundamental Rights, Antwerp/Oxford: Intersentia 2008
Abstract:
When speaking about conflicts between fundamental rights, we have the impression that we speak about something special. Courts appear to be willing to decide a case concerning an infringement of a classic fundamental right, such as a civil or political right, since they feel they can do so on the basis of clear legal standards. On the other hand, they are reluctant to adjudicate claims concerning social or economic interests, as they consider political and policy arguments to be of more importance there. Accordingly, courts generally show a larger measure of deference in the latter type of case than in cases concerning clearly identifiable individual interests or rights.The question is, however, whether the distinction we make between classic fundamental rights and other interests is always reasonable and if it is justifiable to attach far-reaching judicial consequences to the distinction. The choice of judicial method and intensity of review should not solely depend on the question whether an individual interest is protected by national or international instruments containing enforceable fundamental rights. This thesis is elaborated in this paper on the basis of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights, the European Court of Justice and administrative courts in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. On basis of these case law analyses, conclusions are reached regarding the difference between fundamental rights and interests in the assessment methods of national and European courts. Also, a tentative effort is made to formulate an alternative approach.
Aici (*).
Italia. Puterea judecatoreasca in cadrul Constitutiei
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1. – Sulla tendenziale unitarietà della giurisdizione. 2. – Unitarietà del sindacato sulla giurisdizione. 3. – Giudice ordinario e giudice amministrativo. 4. – Limiti all’ampliamento della giurisdizione esclusiva del giudice amministrativo: la sentenza della Corte costituzionale n. 204 del 2004. 5. – (segue) Ulteriori sviluppi della giurisprudenza costituzionale. 6. – La translatio iudicii.
di Franco Bile
Aici (*).
Articol de la Harvard despre practicile abuzive de creditare. La ei, adica la SUA
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Can States Tax National Banks to Educate Consumers About Predatory Lending Practices?
Howell E. Jackson, Harvard Law School
Stacy A. Anderson
ABSTRACT:
Over the past quarter century, consumer lending markets in the United States have become increasingly national in scope with large national banks and other federally chartered institutions playing an ever important role in many sectors, including credit card lending and home mortgages. At the same time, a series of court decisions have ruled that a wide range of state laws regulating credit card abuses and predatory mortgage lending practices are preempted at least as applied to national banks and other federally chartered institutions. Given the dominant role of federal institutions in our country’s lending markets, these rulings have narrowed the capacity of states to police local lending transactions. As an alternative to direct regulation, the California Assembly recently considered legislation designed to improve consumer understanding of financial transactions through educational efforts to be financed by a new state tax on income from certain problematic loans made to California residents by financial institutions, including national banks and other federally chartered institutions. In this Article, we consider whether a tax of the sort proposed in California could survive a preemption challenge under recent court rulings as well as other potential constitutional attacks. While the States have quite limited powers to regulate federally chartered financial institutions, Congress in 12 U.S.C. § 548 explicitly authorizes states to tax national banks. We explore the scope of state taxing authority that § 548 and the relationship between that authority and recent preemption rulings After reviewing a range of legal precedents, we conclude that a state tax of the sort considered in California—which impose modest levies on federally chartered entities but do not prevent these from engaging in otherwise authorized activities—should qualify as a legitimate exercise of state taxing powers under 12 U.S.C. § 548 and also should withstand scrutiny under the Due Process and Commerce Clauses to the extent the tax is imposed on out-of-state banks.
Aici (*).
Stire despre ante-proiectul de lege privind reforma constitutionala in Franta
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20/03/2008
Réforme des institutions : avant-projet de texte du Premier ministre (*)
Le Premier ministre a présenté en Conseil des ministres, le 19 mars 2008, un avant-projet de texte sur la réforme constitutionnelle. Ce texte s’inscrit dans le cadre de la réforme constitutionnelle envisagée sur la base des travaux du Comité Balladur en vue de rendre la Ve République « plus démocratique » (V. JCP G 2007, I, étude 201 ; JCP G 2007, I, étude 204 ; JCP A 2007, étude 2280).
L’avant-projet propose, d’une part, d’accorder de nouvelles prérogatives au Parlement, en renforçant sa capacité d’initiative, en lui conférant une plus grande maîtrise du travail législatif et en modernisant son organisation et son fonctionnement : partage de l’ordre du jour des assemblées entre le Gouvernement et le Parlement ; limitation des cas de recours possibles à la procédure de l’article 49 alinéa 3 de la Constitution ; valorisation du travail en commission ; renforcement des pouvoirs du Parlement en matière de politique internationale et européenne.
D’autre part, il est proposé de rénover le mode d’exercice du pouvoir exécutif : limitation à deux du nombre de mandats consécutifs du président de la République ; soumission de certaines nominations importantes à l’avis préalable d’une commission parlementaire ; rénovation des modalités d’exercice du droit de message du président de la République au Parlement.
Enfin, le texte présenté propose d’accorder des garanties nouvelles aux citoyens : création d’un Défenseur des droits des citoyens qui pourra être saisi par toute personne s’estimant lésée par le fonctionnement d’un service public ; création d’une exception d’inconstitutionnalité permettant aux justiciables de contester devant le Conseil constitutionnel la conformité à la Constitution de lois déjà promulguées ; modification de la composition du Conseil supérieur de la magistrature, dont la présidence des formations sera au Premier président de la Cour de cassation et au procureur général près cette cour ; saisine du Conseil économique et social (dont la compétence consultative obligatoire sera étendue aux questions environnementales) par voie de pétition citoyenne.
Cet avant-projet de texte sera soumis pour avis au Conseil d’État.
Source
Conseil des ministres, 19 mars 2008, communiqué
Marea Britanie. Comisia constitutionala din Camera Lorzilor. Raport asupra implicatiilor Tratatului de la Lisabona asupra “Constitutiei” britanice
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da, da, pentru ca, poate, va intrebati daca statul in cauza are sau nu o constitutie scrisa… ei bine, raspunsul simplu este… NU.
Raportul, intitulat “The Lisbon Treaty: Implications for the UK Constitution“, poate fi gasit aici (*).
Bulgaria a ratificat Tratatul de la Lisabona
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Stirea suna asa:
The Associated Press
Friday, March 21, 2008
SOFIA, Bulgaria: Bulgaria on Friday joined the countries that have ratified the new European Union treaty, a stripped-down version of the failed European Constitution that is intended to streamline EU decision-making.Parliament voted 195-15 in favor of ratification. Thirty of the 240 legislators were absent.”A new foundation and instruments have been found to make the EU more effective, more transparent and more accessible,” Prime Minister Sergei Stanishev said ahead of the vote.
The European Commission welcomed the ratification.
“I appreciate the commitment given to early approval of the treaty by both the Bulgarian Government and Parliament,” European Commission President Jose Manuel Barroso said in a statement.
During his visit to Sofia next week, Barroso will “assess the progress made and how to further reinforce cooperation with the Bulgarian authorities.”
A newcomer who joined the EU in 2007, Bulgaria is among the first of the union’s 27 members to ratify the Lisbon Treaty. The rest must do by June 2009 for the treaty to take effect.
The new charter was signed by EU leaders in October. It has been ratified by France, Hungary, Romania, Slovenia and Malta.
Ireland plans to hold a referendum on the treaty while the rest of the countries will let their parliaments decide.
Global Jurist (Ugo Mattei) – new articles
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Development Deficit and Modern Law’s Myth of Origin
Wenwei Guan
Law v. Statute, Ius v. Lex: An Analysis of a Critical Relation in Roman and Civil Law
Ignazio Castellucci
Comisia Europeana & statele membre, sau stire despre informatiile de securitate detine de variile state membre
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Da, citeam o stire de la EUObserver (*) cum ca varii state membre refuza sa raspunda la un chestionar al celei dintai privind activitati CIA. Cateva lucruri ni s-au parut interesante:
“We will take stock after Easter and then send a reminder to those who have not replied yet,” commission spokesperson Friso Roscam Abbing told journalists, adding that no member state has informed Brussels why they have failed to respond.
(…)
“Its purpose is to acquire factual and concrete information on the application of member states’ anti-terrorism measures, their effectiveness and compliance with fundamental rights,” the commission spokesperson said about the questionnaire.
He added: “This information will help us to identify possible difficulties and needs where necessary, of EU action.”
But EU states are traditionally reluctant to share security information, with the commission currently having “no legal power” to force them to do so.
“The best we can do is to apply political pressure,” the spokesperson said, adding that the situation will change once the EU’s new treaty comes to force next year and a significant proportion of the justice and home affairs dossier will no longer be under the exclusive power of national governments.
Un articol al unei minti juridice: Jan H. Jans – dreptul mediului & CJCE
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Sau din ciclul “ce se mai scrie pe la altii”…
Environmental Spill-overs from the European Court of Justice (*)
Prof. Dr. Jan H. Jans (*)
Rezumatul:
This paper illustrates that European environmental law is not just another sectoral policy area of the European Union. Over the years it has proven to have had a major impact on various general doctrines of European law. In that sense European environmental law had (and still have) important spill-overs to general European law. I will focus in particular on the role of the European Court of Justice and its case law.
Ei bine, rezumatul nu spune multe. Insa articolul e chiar interesant, mai ales ca ia in discutie, pe larg, problema temeiului juridic al unui act comunitar (temei juridic i.e. – dreptul mediului) si, evident, problema exercitarii unui control jurisdictional de catre CJCE asupra alegerii temeiului juridic mentionat…
Polonia & ratificarea Tratatului de la Lisabona
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Daca nu se mai aude nimic din Slovacia, in schimb din Polonia vin vesti; stirea e reflectata astfel:
Kaczynski twins threaten Polish ratification of Lisbon Treaty
17.03.2008 – 09:26 CET | By Renata Goldirova
The Polish opposition, led by former Prime Minister Jaroslaw Kaczynski, has threatened not to approve the EU’s Lisbon Treaty in the country’s parliament unless the ratification bill contains legal guarantees respecting Poland’s sovereignty and its constitution as the highest law in the country, out of worries about gay marriage “being imposed” on the country.
His party, Law and Justice (PiS), negotiated the document last year, but some suggest that the opposition leader is currently under pressure from eurosceptic nationalists and the religious right.
Mr Kaczynski’s twin brother, President Lech Kaczynski, has already thrown his weight behind his brother’s warning. He needs to give the final approval to the EU’s Lisbon Treaty, which is set to finally close the chapter on the union’s institutional reform after years of negotiations.
“In my opinion, the new ratification law … should ensure the farthest-reaching security. Simply speaking, it should be as hard as possible to change whatever has been signed,” the country’s president was cited as saying by AP.
The threat to block treaty ratification is a blow to the the country’s current leadership, who vowed after elections last November to be the first to ratify the EU’s Lisbon Treaty.
The ruling Civic Platform, led by Prime Minister Donald Tusk, wanted to draw a clear line between the 16-month era of his predecessor and putting Poland back on the European stage.
The Polish parliament is set to debate the issue on Tuesday (18 March), with the government hoping to find a compromise. The government needs at least 14 opposition votes to secure the two-thirds majority necessary for parliamentary ratification of the document.
Some domestic media outlets are reporting that Prime Minister Tusk would consider a referendum on the treaty, should the parliament fail to ratify it. So far, Ireland is the only EU member state planning to hold a public ballot.
Rolul activ al Avocatului Poporului. La altii
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Akshat Verma, Judicial Accountability, Grievances Against Judiciary and Ombudsman: A Source of Law (July 4, 2007). Available at SSRN.
Ombudsman is the not only an institute which help to address problems of administration, but if it oversees the functioning of the judiciary and its members it would not only help to note the reaction of the people but would also help in the interest of the society. The role and understanding of the law is now completely changed over the years and judging is no longer easy as it was in the bygone years. The criticism and comment on judiciary is now frequent and the judiciary cannot escape the scrutiny of the demand of the people.
Aim: The Ombudsman would help in developing the understanding between the judiciary and the people. At the same time it will continue to have its traditional role of parliamentary officer and will facilitate the Parliament by acting as a source of law.
Conclusion: In a democratic Government system, it is expected that the people have adequate means for the redress their grievances. When the people start debating on the judiciary and its judgments, the escalation of grievances is common in them. The Ombudsman would address to these reactions and help the people to understand the technicalities of the law which governs them. He would bring transparency in the judicial system and will further strengthen the trust of people in the judiciary. Ombudsman also acts as source of law as it extracts those areas of legislation which otherwise would not come notice of the Parliament. It also helps realization of the new values of the society and interest of the people. Thus, it derives law from the society and acts as source of law.
Suedia si economiile liberale
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Un fragment din stire:
“We have seen more and more EU countries getting together among the protectionists. It’s scary for us as the watchdogs of free trade,” Ms Bjorling told Reuters on Monday (10 March) after a meeting of EU trade ministers.
“We have to watch out, every day, and we need to have much tighter collaboration among liberal countries,” she noted, adding that Sweden had already held talks with Germany, Britain, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania about the project.
“We need to speak with one clear, strong voice as the protectionists have been doing,” minister Bjorling remarked, although refusing to openly name countries she considers to be “protectionist”.
Restul aici (*).
Despre procesul de reforma a institutiilor europene
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di Luciano Patruno
Sommario: 1. Il «valore d’uso» della “costituzione europea”. – 2. Le ultime decisioni di Bruxelles sul Progetto di Trattato costituzionale europeo (giugno 2007): la rinuncia alla parola ‘costituzione’ e l’adozione di un Trattato riformato. – 3. La codificazione del primato del diritto comunitario e la sua fondazione attraverso l’argomento dell’efficacia: principio pratico inclusivo o pretesa giuridica escludente? – 4. La costituzione materiale dell’Europa come tentativo di chiusura politica di un processo storico-culturale.
Franta. Spre egalizarea de tratament intre salariatii casatoriti & concubini
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Congés pour événements familiaux : la Halde préconise l’égalité de traitement des salariés pacsés et mariés |
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Le 11 février 2008, la Haute autorité de lutte contre les discriminations (HALDE) a rendu une délibération relative au caractère discriminatoire d’une convention collective qui réserve le bénéfice de congés pour événements familiaux aux seuls salariés mariés (Délib. 2007-366, 11 févr. 2008). |
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| Source HALDE, 11 févr. 2008, délibération 2007-366 |
Sursa (*)
Comparatie intre SUA si UE din perspectiva rolului constitutional al instantei supreme sau despre Van Gend & Madbury
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Concluzia unui articol:
Van Gend is often casually compared to Marbury simply because in each case the high court declares itself to be the final arbiter of central government law. But there is a good deal more to the comparison than that. Both cases serve up what is perhaps the single most profound and complex issue of their respective constitutional systems: multiple competing claims of ultimate legal authority. In addressing this issue, both decisions make important claims for central judicial authority. And yet, both inaugurate a regime of mutual accommodation among the competing actors lasting to this very day.
To be sure, the nature of the competition in the two cases is rather different. In the United States, the competition is mostly horizontal and institutional, i.e. between the Court, the President, and Congress, as well as the People themselves. And the competition surrounds the interpretation of a single object: the United States Constitution. In Europe, the competition is mostly vertical and systemic, i.e. between the legal orders of the European Union and its Member States. Here the constitutional order of the European Union claims primacy over the constitutional orders of the Member States and vice versa. (In Europe there is also competition among different institutions to interpret the Union’s foundational charter. But this institutional competition is ultimately based on the deeper, systemic competition, i.e. a battle about which legal system(s) trumps the other(s) in cases of conflict.)
And yet, despite these differences, the practice of accommodating institutional pluralism in the United States shares important features with the practice of accommodating constitutional pluralism in Europe. By juxtaposing accommodation in the two systems, we may understand these practices far better than if we limit ourselves to only one or the other legal order. In particular, we recognize that actors in both systems seem to rely on considerations of voice, expertise, and rights to manage the pluralist standoff.
Articolul este denumit “Constitutionalism and Pluralism in Marbury and Van Gend“, Daniel Halberstam (*)
Al cincilea raport privind cetăţenia Uniunii
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Comisia Europeana a prezentat al cincilea raport privind cetăţenia Uniunii (1 mai 2004 – 30 iunie 2007). Raportul aici (*); documentul insotitor aici (*).
Parlamentul britanic a respins propunerea de supunere la referendum a Tratatului de la Lisabona
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Scriam ieri despre aceasta initiativa; s-a hotarat ca nu mai e cazul de un astfel de referendum.
Cateva randuri din stire:
MPs have rejected proposals to hold a UK-wide referendum on whether to ratify the EU’s Lisbon Treaty.
The House of Commons turned down the Conservative proposal by 311 votes to 248 – a margin of 63.
Hotararea Pupino a CJCE. O lista bibliografica
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Cred ca n-am mai scris aici despre hotararea respectiva; ea pune in legatura masuri adoptate in temeiul titlului VI din Tratatul UE cu obligatia cooperarii loiale, instituita prin articolul 10 din Tratatul CE… Or, dintr-o alta perspectiva, abordarea Curtii atribuie unui act adoptat prin metoda interguvernamentala caracteristici ale dreptului comunitar. Alte observatii, cu alte ocazii, evident.
Case C-105/03, Criminal proceedings against Maria Pupino
Police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters – Articles 34 EU and 35 EU – Framework Decision 2001/220/JHA – Standing of victims in criminal proceedings – Protection of vulnerable persons – Hearing of minors as witnesses – Effects of a framework decision
Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber), 16 June 2005 (*)
Ei bine, ceea ce voiam de fapt, e sa redau lista bibliografica existenta pe site-ul eur-lex (*), altfel spus, sa vedeti si domniile voastre cat s-a putut scrie in 2 ani in materie…
Salvatelli, Patrizia: Un’ulteriore tappa sulla via della comunitarizzazione del Terzo Pilastro?, Quaderni costituzionali 2005 p.425-428
Hillgruber, Christian: Juristenzeitung 2005 p.841-844
Fetzer, Thomas ; Groß, Thomas: Die Pupino-Entscheidung des EuGH – Abkehr vom intergouvernementalen Charakter der EU? – Erwiderung auf Herrmann, EuZW 2005, 436, Europäische Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftsrecht 2005 p.550-551
Adam, Michael: Die Wirkung von EU-Rahmenbeschlüssen im mitgliedstaatlichen Recht, Europäische Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftsrecht 2005 p.558-561
Herrmann, Christoph: Gemeinschaftsrechtskonforme Auslegung nationalen Rechts in Strafverfahren, Europäische Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftsrecht 2005 p.436-438
Conti, Roberto ; Foglia, Raffaele: Decisioni quadro e interpretazione conforme del diritto interno, Il Corriere giuridico 2005 p.1149-1153
Killmann, Bernd-Roland: Die rahmenbeschlusskonforme Auslegung im Strafrecht vor dem EuGH, Juristische Blätter 2005 p.566-575
Spencer, J.R.: Child Witnesses and the European Union, The Cambridge Law Journal 2005 p.569-572
Wehnert, Anne: Rahmenbeschlusskonforme Auslegung deutschen Strafrechts, Neue juristische Wochenschrift 2005 p.3760-3762
Bazzocchi, Valentina: Il caso Pupino e il principio di interpretazione conforme delle decisioni-quadro, Quaderni costituzionali 2005 p.884-887
Salvatelli, Patrizia: La Corte di Giustizia e la “comunitarizzazione” del “Terzo Pilastro”, Quaderni costituzionali 2005 p.887-891
Zemánek, Jiří: Eurokonformní výklad rámcového rozhodnutí – povinnost nebo nepřípustný soudcovský aktivismus?, EMP Jurisprudence 2005 p.37-40
Lazowski, Adam: Revolution in Luxembourg: Criminal Proceedings against Pupino, European Current Law 2005 Part 11 “Focus” p.xi-xvi
Broussy, Emmanuelle ; Donnat, Francis ; Lambert, Christian: L’obligation d’interpréter le droit national conformément au droit communautaire s’applique également aux décisions-cadres, L’actualité juridique ; droit administratif 2005 p.2336-2337
Uyen Do, T.: Arrêt “Pupino”, Revue du droit de l’Union européenne 2005 nº 3 p.650-654
Fletcher, Maria: Extending “indirect effect” to the third pillar: the significance of Pupino?, European Law Review 2005 p.862-877
Favale, Antonietta: Possibile efficacia diretta delle decisioni-quadro nell’ambito della politica di cooperazione di polizia e giudiziaria in materia penale, Diritto pubblico comparato ed europeo 2005 p.1988-1990
Mazák, Ján: Rozsudok “Pupino”, Vyber z rozhodnutí Súdneho dvora Európskych spolocenstiev 2005 p.22
Grzelak, Agnieszka: Europejski nakaz aresztowania – orzeczenie Trybunału Konstytucyjnego z punktu widzenia prawa Unii Europejskiej, Europejski Przeglad Sadowy 2005 Vol.2 p.24-33
Kauff-Gazin, Fabienne: Effets d’une décision-cadre, Europe 2005 Août-Septembre Comm. nº 274 p.10-11
Calvano, Roberta: Il Caso Pupino: ovvero dell’alterazione per via giudiziaria dei rapporti tra diritto interno (processuale penale), diritto UE e diritto comunitario, Giurisprudenza costituzionale 2005 p.4027-4034
Barcz, Jan: Europejski nakaz aresztowania – konsekwencje braku transpozycji lub wadliwej transpozycji decyzji ramowej w państwie członkowskim UE, Europejski Przegląd Sądowy 2005 Vol.1 p.11-22
Papapaschalis, P.: Elliniki Epitheorisi Evropaïkou Dikaiou 2005 p.626-628
Streinz, Rudolf: Alles klar zu den Rahmenbeschlüssen? – Nach Pupino, Kommission/Rat (EuGH) und Darkazanli (BVerfG), Europäisches Wirtschafts- & Steuerrecht – EWS 2005 Heft 10 p.I
Von Unger, Moritz: Pupino: Der EuGH vergemeinschaftet das intergouvernementale Recht, Neue Zeitschrift für Verwaltungsrecht 2006 p.46-49
Corstens, G.J.M.: Eerste “strafarrest” van het Hof van Justitie EG over een kaderbesluit, Nederlands tijdschrift voor Europees recht 2006 p.24-28
Barents, R.: S.E.W. ; Sociaal-economische wetgeving 2006 p.75-78
Salminen, Janne: Euroopan yhteisöjen tuomioistuimen tuomio 16.6.2005 (suuri jaosto) asiassa C-105/03, rikosasia vastaajana Maria Pupino – Myös EU-puitepäätös tuottaa tulkintavaikutuksen: rikosoikeudellisen yhteistyön ja poliisiyhteistyön alalla annetun puitepäätöksen vaikutukset ja niiden perusteet, Lakimies 2006 p.286-299
Borgers, M.J.: Nederlandse jurisprudentie ; Uitspraken in burgerlijke en strafzaken 2006 nº 500
Gnes, Matteo: L’estensione dell’obbligo di interpretazione conforme alle decisioni quadro, Giornale di diritto amministrativo 2006 p.501-504
Sardella, Barbara: Gli effetti “quasi diretti” delle decisioni-quadro, Giustizia civile 2006 I p.743-753
Marchegiani, Maura: L’obbligo di interpretazione conforme alle decisioni quadro: considerazioni in margine alla sentenza Pupino, Il diritto dell’Unione Europea 2006 p.563-583
Manes, Vittorio: L’incidenza delle “decisioni-quadro” sull’interpretazione in materia penale: profili di diritto sostanziale, Cassazione penale 2006 p.1150-1164
Aprile, Ercole: I rapporti tra diritto processuale penale e diritto dell’Unione europea, dopo la sentenza della Corte di giustizia sul “caso Pupino” in materia di incidente probatorio, Cassazione penale 2006 p.1165-1175
Prevedourou, E.: Epitheorisis Dimosiou Dikaiou kai Dioikitikou Dikaiou 2006 p.219-225
Cherubini, Francesco: L’obbligo di interpretazione conforme “sconfina” nel terzo pilastro: note a margine della sentenza Pupino, Studi sull’integrazione europea 2006 nº 1 p.157-175
Weyembergh, Anne ; De Hert, Paul ; Paepe, Pieter: L’effectivité du troisième pilier de l’Union européenne et l’exigence de l’interprétation conforme: la Cour de justice pose ses jalons (note sous l’arrêt Pupino, du 16 juin 2005, de la Cour de justice des Communautés européennes), Revue trimestrielle des droits de l’homme 2007 p.269-292
Gebbie, George: “Berlusconi” – v- “Pupino”: Conflict or Compatibility?, Journal of European Criminal Law 2007 Vol.1 Issue 3 p.31-37
Spaventa, Eleanor: Opening Pandora’s Box: Some Reflections on the Constitutional Effects of the Decision in Pupino, European Constitutional Law Review 2007 Vol.3 p.5-24
Magno, Teresa: The Pupino Case: Background in Italian Law and consequences for the national judge, ERA-Forum: scripta iuris europaei 2007 p.215-223
Belfiore, Rosanna: Interpretazione conforme e mandato d’arresto europeo: una conferma viene da oltremanica, Cassazione penale 2007 p.3479-3491
Parlamentul britanic & referendumul asupra Tratatului de la Lisabona
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Stirea suna asa:
British MPs will today (5 March) vote on whether a referendum should be held on the EU treaty.
Two amendments calling for a public poll are to be put to the vote, one put forward by the opposition Conservatives and one drawn up by Labour MP Ian Davidson.
Restul aici (*).
Procedura de urgenta aplicabila trimiterilor preliminare referitoare la spatiul de libertate, securitate si justitie
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Una dintre misiunile Curtii de Justitie este tocmai aceea de a contribui la această aplicare unitară prin intermediul mecanismului procedurii preliminare. Or, materiile care constituie spatiul de libertate, securitate si justitie vizate de titlul VI din Tratatul privind Uniunea Europeană (cooperarea politienească si judiciară în materie penală), precum si de titlul IV al celei de a treia părti din Tratatul CE (vizele, azilul, imigrarea si alte politici legate de libera circulatie a persoanelor, în special cooperarea judiciară în materie civilă) sunt caracterizate adesea prin urgentă, care nu poate fi în acord cu procedura preliminară obisnuită, a cărei durată medie este de un an si jumătate, în special în considerarea sporirii numărului de participanti si a constrângerilor inerente activitătii de traducere a observatiilor pe care fiecare stat membru are dreptul să le formuleze, în cazul în care doreste aceasta. Pentru acest motiv, instantele nationale ar putea fi descurajate să se adreseze Curtii în cadrul acestui tip de contencios.
Aceasta este ratiunea pentru care, după ce a fost invitată în acest sens de către Consiliu, Curtea a propus crearea unei noi forme de procedură: procedura preliminară de urgentă. Aplicabilă cu începere de la 1 martie 2008, această procedură ar trebui să permită Curtii să solutioneze într un termen considerabil redus întrebările cele mai sensibile referitoare la spatiul de libertate, securitate si justitie, precum acelea care se pot formula, de exemplu, în anumite situatii care implică privarea de libertate, atunci când răspunsul la întrebarea formulată este determinant pentru aprecierea situatiei juridice a persoanei detinute sau private de libertate, ori, în cadrul unui litigiu privind autoritatea parentală sau încredintarea copiilor, în ipoteza în care competenta instantei sesizate în temeiul dreptului comunitar depinde de răspunsul la întrebarea preliminară.
Trei trăsături esentiale disting această nouă procedură de procedura preliminară obisnuită.
1 Decizia Consiliului din 20 decembrie 2007 de modificare a Protocolului privind Statutul Curţii de Justiţie si modificările Regulamentului de procedură al Curţii de Justiţie adoptate de aceasta la 15 ianuarie 2008 (JOUE L 24 din 29 ianuarie 2008, p. 39)
În primul rând, în scopul asigurării celeritătii, procedura preliminară de urgentă operează o distinctie între protagonittii admisi să participe la faza scrisă a procedurii si cei care sunt abilitati să participe la faza orală a acesteia. Într-adevăr, în cadrul acestei noi proceduri, pot depune observatii scrise, în limba de procedură si într-un termen scurt, doar părtile din litigiul principal, statul membru de care apartine instanta de trimitere, Comisia Europeană si, dacă este cazul, Consiliul si Parlamentul European, dacă este pus în discutie unul dintre actele acestora. Celelalte persoane interesate si, în special, statele membre, altele decât cel de care apartine instanta de trimitere, nu dispun de această facultate, însă sunt invitate la o sedintă în cursul căreia, dacă doresc, pot face cunoscute observatiile lor orale referitoare la întrebările formulate de instanta natională si la observatiile scrise depuse în cauză.
În al doilea rând, examinarea internă a cauzelor supuse acestei noi proceduri este considerabil accelerată, deoarece, încă de la primirea acestora la Curte, toate cauzele care tin de spatiul de libertate, securitate si justitie sunt încredintate unei camere de cinci judecători special desemnată pentru a asigura, pentru o perioadă de un an, selectarea si examinarea acestor cauze. Dacă această cameră decide să dea curs cererii de aplicare a procedurii de urgentă, se va pronunta într-un termen scurt după sedintă, după ascultarea avocatului general.
În sfârsit, pentru a asigura celeritatea vizată, procedura se va derula în practică în principal pe cale electronică. Schimburile Curtii cu instantele nationale, cu părtile din litigiul principal, cu statele membre si cu institutiile comunitare se vor efectua, în cea mai mare măsură cu putintă, prin acest mijloc de comunicare.
A se vedea si Nota de informare cu privire la efectuarea trimiterilor preliminare de catre instantele nationale.
Bibliografia de la Lisabona
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Florence Chaltiel, Traité de Lisbonne : la réforme du système contentieux européen – l’État de droit européen renforcé, Petites affiches, no. 44, 29.02.2008.
Philipp Kiiver, Lisbon and the Lawyers – Reflections on what the EU Reform Treaty means to Jurists, Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law, Volume 14, Number 4, 2007.
Bernd Riegert, Alexandra Sora, Eurodeputat german [Silvana Koch-Mehrin, nascuta in 1970]: Polonia sa fie exclusa din UE daca nu ratifica Tratatul, Deutsche Welle, 02.07.2008 [*] [*]
Despre denumirea si continutul tratatelor internationale cu referire speciala la Tratatele UE
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1. Tratatul de la Lisabona (2007)
Articolul 2. Tratatul de instituire a Comunităţii Europene se modică în conformitate cu dispoziţiile prezentului articol.
1) Denumirea tratatului se înlocuieşte cu: „Tratatul privind funcţionarea Uniunii Europene”.
N.B. Celalalt tratat, Tratatul Uniunii Europene (UE), isi pastreaza denumirea.
Ergo, la cel dintai se poate trimite TFUE, iar celalalt ramane cu aceeasi prescurtare… TUE.
Insolventa grupurilor de societati in Anglia si Franta
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O chestie destul de complicata: turnul babel al legislatiei si conflictul de imagine – in acest caz Regulamentul european si Legea model UNCITRAL. Nu este conflict de legi, pentru ca UNCITRAL are doar o Lege model si nu o Conventie.
Marina Matousekova, Les réponses du droit international privé à la faillite des groupes internationaux de sociétés: analyse comparative des jurisprudences française et anglaise, IBLJ/RDAI, 2/2008.
Le présent article offre une analyse comparative de la jurisprudence rendue en droits commun et communautaire, par les tribunaux anglais et français, concernant la faillite des groupes de sociétés transfrontaliers. On constate, en droit commun, le principe d’un traitement cloisonné de la faillite des entités d’un groupe, sauf dans de très rares cas d’abus caractérisé de la personnalité morale permettant, selon les théories de la confusion ou du piercing of the corporate veil, d’attraire dans une procédure unique ouverte à l’encontre d’une entité d’un groupe d’autres entités du groupe (même in bonis) avec les lourdes conséquences que cela implique à l’égard des tiers. L’adoption récente par l’Angleterre de la loi-type de la CNUDCI en matière d’insolvabilité international pourrait permettre de dégager des solutions plus adaptées, à l’instar de celles retenues en droit communautaire. En la matière, les cours anglaises innovèrent en reconnaissant, sur le fondement du critère juridictionnel du centre des intérêts principaux du débiteur de l’article 3.1 du Règlement 1346/2000, la possibilité de centraliser devant un unique tribunal (celui du lieu des head office functions) les différentes procédures d’insolvabilité affectant les entités d’un même groupe. Les tribunaux français, ayant dans un premier temps cherché à s’opposer à la reconnaissance en France des effets de jugements d’ouverture anglais concernant des filiales françaises, admettent et appliquent aujourd’hui clairement une telle jurisprudence.
Implementation of UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency in Great Britain, August 2005 [*]
The European Court and Civil Society
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Rachel A. Cichowski este o profesoara din America. Ea a venit in Europa unde a scris o carte.
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